Sindh Province

The climate-resilient agricultural landscape in Sindh province reflects significant adaptation challenges amidst extreme climate vulnerabilities. The region has witnessed policy initiatives promoting drought-tolerant and salt-resistant crop varieties, alongside efforts to modernize water management through efficient irrigation systems and rainwater harvesting techniques. Government-supported programs focus on climate-smart agricultural practices, with recent investments including the RAFAA project and major international funding for coastal resilience initiatives. However, implementation faces substantial barriers, including severely low irrigation efficiency of approximately 30-35% in the province. Waterlogging and salinity affect extensive areas, with about 70-80% of soil classified as moderately or severely saline, particularly in southern districts where seawater intrusion compounds the problem. Coordination gaps between provincial authorities and farming communities, coupled with insufficient funding for comprehensive climate resilience programs, limit the effectiveness of adaptation measures across the diverse agricultural zones of the province. Strengthening institutional frameworks, enhancing targeted financing for climate-resilient infrastructure, and fostering integrated water-agriculture management approaches remain essential for building comprehensive agricultural resilience in the climate-vulnerable landscape of Sindh.